Medical students and practitioners are always looking for ways in broadening their horizons. There is so much more to learn and so much more to experience in order to excel in this field. It is undeniable that medicine is a noble profession of them all. There are numerous university in Malaysia, that offer medicine however students wishing they were given an opportunity to continue studies abroad for medicine courses isn’t something new, thus researching the institution, the course outline and the career opportunities is vital. If you are a medical student yourself and are looking for options to continue your studies abroad there are few guidelines that you have to follow in order to ensure you are on the right track. Do keep in mind that every country and the institution of your selection has its own parameter in selecting their students to practice medicine. The USA has its own screening test called USMLE test. India on the other hand works under the FMGE test that stands for Foreign Medical Graduates Examination) So do your research accordingly. 

Here is a guide of top countries around the world for you to practice medicine abroad. 

1) UK

UK have the four of the world’s top ten medical universities. Their medical education quality is the best as they offer a world-class teaching system. The practitioners are trained with practical clinical skills, intellectual rigor, and  other personal qualities. This makes them professional medical practitioners. Few of the top universities to study medicine in the UK would be University of Cambridge,  University of Oxford and University college London. 

2) USA

There are over 172 medical colleges that you can choose from to study medicine in the USA. Upon completion of the study, your degree would be addressed as M.D and not MBBS. They have modern facilities in their institution to cater to the needs of the study. Another advantage of studying medicine in the US is that students will have the opportunity to practice at the hospitals there upon their completion of study. This would give access to students to better job opportunities under the field of medicine. 

3) Russia

If you are looking for cheap medical colleges to study medicine then Russia might just be it. Their studies are on the cheaper side but their education quality still remains the same. However a basic russian language course is required before enrolling in any of the universities there as their lessons are mostly done in russian 

4) India

The World Health Organization and UNESCo have recently approved that there are best medical colleges in India. It is said that it is a well-equipped county to study a medical degree and later practise it over there. They have some of the best infrastructure and their institute is well -equipped with all sorts of equipment and facilities for medical students’ needs. 

5) Ukraine

Ukraine is said to be the best place to study medicine as it stands at the centre point of the East and West making it the best destination for students from all over to study here. Students do not require any type of entrance test to pursue MBBS in Ukraine. It has various world class medical universities with global standard education. 

Conclusion

Besides knowing the basic details students are encouraged to do some early preparation upon entering universities abroad like knowing their culture and their way of life there. It is necessary to know the language that they practice there. Preparing yourself physically with all the entrance tests and certification is one thing but you have to also prepare yourself mentally as a medical degree is quite challenging and you would need to be tough to endure it. 

You want to set up your first lab? Good idea, but what should it be furnished with? What are the minimum requirements? What kind of lab furniture Malaysia should equip your lab with?

Do not sweat yourself. You don’t need to have an array of advanced furniture to make your first lab super safe and possibly cool. As long as you have these requirements, you are already on the right track.

Workbenches

Workbenches are the bread and butter of a laboratory. No lab is ever without one. You need something to put things on, to work on, and to write or type on. Workbenches may come with drawers or cupboards with shelves to keep any of your extra equipment inside if cupboards or cabinets are full. 

Workbenches are made of different materials besides stainless steel and each have their respective cons and pros.

A medium density fibre board (MDF) is an engineered wood that is stronger than a particleboard, but is poorly resistant to water. 

A ply laminate board is constructed with multiple layers, with the topmost providing chemical protection while the bases provide strength. It provides better resistance than MDF.

Granite provides significant resistance to water but for acids, it is the opposite. If an acid makes contact with the surface, a reaction called etching occurs where the granite is dullened.

A phenolic board’s smooth, glossy and hard overlaying surface enables it to withstand abrasion, moisture and chemical resistance. Boiling water, common chemicals, dilute acids and alkalis are some of the examples.

An epoxy resin board is superior to other resins in terms of mechanical properties and can withstand environmental degradation and scratches. A layer over base material is formed to prevent corrosive chemicals and water from seeping in.

Cabinets and cupboards

Where else can you safely store your equipment and chemicals besides these two pieces of furniture? Cabinets and cupboards should always have doors, whether it be glass or stainless steel. You may also purchase locks to provide additional security to your cabinets and cupboards.

Lab stools

Working while standing up for so long will be uncomfortable and affect the quality of your work and morale. Stools are not only the primary source of comfort, their small sizes allow more space, their heights adjustable and if they are equipped with wheels, you can be mobile without standing up.

Lab fume hoods

A fume hood is a ventilator designed to minimize contact between yourself and noxious fumes by sucking up gasses and releasing them from the outside through a ventilation system. Its enclosed space also prevents them from spreading around the lab. Ducted hoods run through a filtration system before releasing gasses, while unducted simply capture and release them.

Sinks

You may often see sinks in laboratories. They are vital in waste disposal and mostly inert to all kinds of acids, alkalis and solvents. Polypropylene (PP) sinks are preferable as they minimize glassware breakage upon impact. Of course, no sink is complete without a tap to wash your glassware with or obtain water.

Reagent racks

A reagent rack is used to store reagents and glassware ready to be used for experiments. It clears the workable area and prevents spillages or breakages. It is usually mounted on top of your workbench. It comes with two types: single and double tiered.

According to Einstein, science is a type of effort or activity that enables different variations or sensory experiences to form a coherent, rational thought process. According to Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, science is defined as information that is attained via study, practice, or understanding that derives the truth from the application of science, such as knowledge that is acquired and put to the test using the scientific method. Maybe after this many will be interested in studying general science courses in Malaysia.

·        Nikola Tesla

On Nikola Tesla’s inspiration, many of the electronic devices you use today were created. According to the Discover Magazine article, this Serbian-American physicist created Tesla coils, high-voltage transformers, and methods for distributing power wirelessly. Alternating current (AC) systems were additionally created by Tesla.

As of right now, this technology is employed to generate electricity and provide transportation. Thomas Alva Edison, however, had previously rejected the AC system because he believed it to be risky and harmful. The direct current (DC) system was created by Thomas Alva Edison. Tesla demonstrated himself in front of the public, further demonstrating the safety of his findings.

·        Charles Darwin

You must be familiar with British biologist Charles Darwin. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, which he wrote, is credited to him as the originator of the theory of evolution. Darwin postulated that all organism species evolved through natural selection, which improved individuals’ capacities for survival, competition, and reproduction.

His most contentious hypothesis is that primates are the ancestors of humans. According to the Earth Watch page, he also studied and cataloged numerous animal species found in the Ecuadorian Galapagos Islands. Despite much disagreement, Charles Darwin was a highly respected scientist who made significant contributions to society at large.

·        Galileo Galilei

Frequently referred to as the “Father of Modern Physics,” Galileo Galilei. He is the inventor of several things, including the telescope. According to The Galileo Project page, he built his first telescope in 1609 that could magnify objects up to 20 times. He could see more of space with his telescope.

Observing the moon, identifying supernovae, the four satellites of Jupiter, spotting sunspots, and more examples come to mind. Galileo insisted that the sun and other planets were in orbit around it (heliocentric). The Catholic church of the time, however, held that the earth was the center of the universe (geocentric). Galileo received a punishment as a result.

·        Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton is said to have made the discovery of gravity after an apple hit him in the head while it was falling from a tree. Regardless of whether the mythology is accurate or not, Isaac Newton was a highly esteemed and important scientist. He also discovered the ideas of centrifugal and centripetal forces in addition to the theory of gravity.

According to the How Stuff Works page, Newton also discovered the 1687-described laws of motion. He also developed the calculus theory, which is important for developing building construction methods, figuring out drug dosages, and even launching rockets. The theory of light and color, on the other hand, was also developed by Isaac Newton.

·        Albert Einstein

If you don’t know Albert Einstein, it’s impossible. He is well known for the relativity equation E = mc2, which is part of the theory. Unfortunately, this equation has been utilised incorrectly, leading to the development of the atomic bomb, a very deadly innovation. According to the Discovery Magazine website, he also won the Nobel Prize for discovering the photoelectric effect.

The theory of light was also sparked by Einstein. According to this idea, light is made up of extremely tiny energy packets called photons.

Quantum theory was created by Einstein as well, and it continues to have a significant impact today. For your information, Einstein has a creative soul and can play the violin, demonstrating the harmony of his two minds.

No longer are we unfamiliar with the world of vessel rentals. The evolution of the transportation industry has also supported vessel leasing. The service can be thought of as something that aids human activity, particularly in the areas of logistics, product distribution, and so on. However, the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic in the first quarter of 2020 disrupted and chaotic practically all aspects of life. This is also undeniable by lay up vessel service Malaysia. Many boat charter companies have been rendered virtually immobile due to the Covid-19 outbreak.

What exactly is Lay Up Vessel Service?

Technically, it refers to a ship that has been temporarily decommissioned from employment or service for formerly profitable activities. The concept of lay-up arose in order to lower the company’s overhead expenditures. Including engine maintenance costs, engine wear costs, charges for maintaining the ship or keeping the ship in fit condition, and the demand for fuel.

Another cost for laying up the ship is the cost of ship insurance during that unfavorable period.

What factors should you examine before laying up a vessel?

Before making a lay-up decision, we must examine the following factors:

• At the time, the cargo market situation was determined by the type of ship and the projected period for the ship to be laid up.
• How much is the actual savings in operating costs each day when compared to the ship’s production capacity, cargo market circumstances, and ship reactivation costs?
• The remaining productive life of the vessel to operate and the vessel’s value.

These criteria can help the owner not only make lay-up decisions, but also determine the extent to which the vessel should be laid up.

Types of Lay Up in Vessel World

• Hot Lay Up 

This form of lay-off is normally for a short length of time, usually less than a year. As a result, crewing can be maintained or significantly decreased, subject to government approval, while the engine remains operational, including the systems in other ships that must be properly maintained.

The owner reaps the benefits of hot lay-up quickly and cheaply. However, this form of lay-up usually does not significantly reduce daily running costs.

• Cold Lay Up

This type of layoff typically lasts 12 months to several years. The ship is in a cold lay-up state, with the engine and other systems turned off. Only a generator is required to give electricity to the ship’s equipment.

Crewing can be reduced to a “skeleton crew” or replaced by contracted lay-up personnel that operate according to guard duty hours, protecting against potential fires and leaks and maintaining the ship’s engine and hull. Although cold lay-up can greatly lower operating expenses, there must be more effort and risk, particularly when the ship is reactivated.

Problems That Occur When Laying Up

Vessels that have been stopped or docked for an extended period of time pose a significant risk to the company. Because sea water differs from freshwater, the following are some of the effects of lay up:

• Corrosion of pipelines and valves caused by moisture and a lack of lubrication.
• Restart the main engine, which is not working due to a lack of lubricating oil.
• Regulators, electronics, and other control devices fail and are damaged.
• Current market conditions and estimated lay-up time
• Damage to the tank’s bunker, which solidifies if left neglected for an extended period of time.